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1 Varda
fem. name "the Sublime", name of a Valië, spouse of Manwë, the Queen of the Valar, called Elbereth in Sindarin BARATH, BARÁD, WJ:402; in Letters:282 Varda is translated the "Lofty". As a general adjective sublime, varda could still occur as a poetic word in verse PE17:23, but normal prose would apparently rather use the related word varanda q.v. Genitive Vardo for *Vardao. Nam, RGEO:66. Vardamir masc. name, *"Varda-jewel" Appendix A, UT:210; vardarianna ?"Varda-gift", name of a tree but the ri element is obscure UT:167 -
2 anta-
1 vb. "give" ANAsup1/sup, MC:215, 221, pa.t. antanë antanen I gave, VT49:14 or ánë, perfect ánië PE17:147, cf. QL:31. According to VT49:14, Tolkien noted that anta- was sometimes often with an ironic tone to refer to missiles, so that antanen hatal sena I gave him a spear as a present was often used with the real sense of I cast a spear at him. Usually the recipient of the thing given is mentioned in the dative or allative case like sena in this example, but there is also a construction similar to English present someone with something in which the recipient is the object and the gift appears in the instrumental case: antanenyes parmanen, I presented him with a book PE17:91. The verb occurs several times in FS: antalto"they gave"; strangely, no past tense marker seems to be present see -lto for the ending; antar a pl. verb translated "they gave", though in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the present tense "give" pl.; antaróta "he gave it" anta-ró-ta "gave-he-it", another verb occurring in Fíriel's Song, once again with no past tense marker. Also antáva "will give", future tense of anta- "give"; read perhaps *antuva in LotR-style Quenya; similarly antaváro "he will give" LR:63 might later have appeared as *antuvas with the ending -s rather than Qenya -ro for he. Antalë imperative "give thou" VT43:17, sc. anta "give" + the element le "thou", but this was a form Tolkien abandoned. Apparently ana was at one point considered as another imperative give, but Tolkien rewrote the text in question VT44:13, and the normal patterns would suggest *á anta with an independent imperative particle. -
3 vëa
1 adj. seeming, apparent PE17:189 2 adj. "adult, manly, vigorous" WEG 3 noun "sea" MC:213, 214, 216; possibly obsoleted by \#1 and \#2 above, though some argue that the initial element of the late names Vëantur and Vëandur q.v. could be vëa \#3 rather than \#2 it can hardly be \#1. In any case, the normal word for "sea" in LotR-style Quenya seems to be ëar. Inflected vëan "sea" MC:220, vëar "in sea" a "Qenya" locative in -r, MC:213, vëassë "on sea" MC:220. Cf. also vëaciryo. 4 noun wind PE17:189 -
4 sanya(þ)
1 adj. "regular, law-abiding, normal" STAN; variant vorosanya with a prefixed element meaning "ever" VT46:16 2 noun ?"name" reading of gloss uncertain, VT46:16 3 noun "truth, fact" VT46:16 -
5 ú-
2 prefix "not-, un-, in-", denying presence or possession of thing or quality VT39:14, UGU/UMU/VT46:20, GŪ, LT1:272, or simply suggesting something bad or immoral see \#úcar-, Úmaiar. Tolkien at one point considered redefining ú- as an element signifying "bad, uneasy, hard"; the already-published form únótima would then mean "difficult/impossible to count" rather than simply "uncountable" VT42:33. However, Tolkien's very last word on the matter seems to be that ú- was to remain a mere negative VT44:4. Compare úa, q.v. According to the Etymologies, the prefix ú- usually has a "bad sense", whereas according to early material u- uv-, um-, un- is a "mere negation" UGU/UMU vs. VT42:32 According to a later source, ú- could be used as an uninflected verbal prefix, mainly in verse, but in a normal style the prefix was verbalized as ua-, q.v. PE17:144. The stem Ū, as a negation, was accompanied by pursed lips and shaking of the head PE17:145.
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